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Etymology

office

/ˈɒfɪs/

noun

Origin

Latin

officium — duty, service, or function

Overview

Meaning Now

  • A room, set of rooms, or building used as a place for commercial, professional, or administrative work.
  • A position of authority, trust, or duty, especially one held within a government or organization.
  • A religious service or rite, particularly in the Roman Catholic or Anglican traditions.

Literal older meaning

duty or service

Language path

Latin → Old French → Middle English

Earliest form

office

Earliest period

14th century

Journey

The word transitioned from a sense of moral or religious 'duty' to a 'position of duty' (an office), and eventually to the physical 'place' where those duties are performed.

Evolution

  1. Classical Latin

    officium

    “duty, service, or performance of a task”

    Derived from 'opus' (work) + 'facere' (to do).

  2. Old French

    office

    “a duty, a service, or a position”

  3. Middle English

    office

    “a religious service or an official duty”

  4. Modern English

    office

    “a place of business or a position of authority”

Connections

Word parts

of-

prefix

from/towards (via opus/work)

-fice

root

to do or make

Related across languages

  • French

    office

    office/duty

  • Italian

    ufficio

    office

  • Spanish

    oficio

    trade or job

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External references use DefinedTerm semantics.