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Etymology

sacrifice

/ˈsækrɪfaɪs/

noun

Origin

Latin

sacrificium — a priestly office, sacrifice

Overview

Meaning Now

  • An act of slaughtering an animal or person or surrendering a possession as an offering to God or to a divine or supernatural figure.
  • The surrender or destruction of something prized or desirable for the sake of something else considered as having a higher or more pressing claim.

Literal older meaning

to make holy

Language path

Latin → Old French → Middle English → English

Earliest form

sacrifise

Earliest period

13th century

Journey

The word originally referred specifically to religious rituals involving the ritual killing of a victim to appease or influence a deity. Over centuries, the term expanded to include secular contexts involving the voluntary forfeiture of personal gain for altruistic or strategic goals.

Evolution

  1. Latin

    sacrificium

    “an offering, rite”

    compound of sacer 'holy' + facere 'to do'

  2. Old French

    sacrifice

    “religious offering”

  3. Middle English

    sacrifise

    “offering to God”

    Adopted into Middle English from Old French/Latin

Connections

Word parts

sacri-

root

holy/sacred (from sacer)

-fice

suffix

doing/making (from facere)

Related across languages

  • French

    sacrifice

    sacrifice

  • Spanish

    sacrificio

    sacrifice

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External references use DefinedTerm semantics.